Abstract The use of biopolymers and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is currently investigated as an excellent application biomaterial in the tissue engineering field. Natural biomaterials with application potential in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine are due to their characteristics in biocompatibility, biodegradability, and mechanical characteristic. Though, the basic knowledge of three‐dimensional fibrin scaffold and chitosan/alginate processing technology combined with an understanding of the physical-chemical properties of this natural biomaterial is necessary for proper application in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. This mini review summarizes the information on the composition of chitosan/alginate and PRF in medical area and discusses recent developments with a special focus on its use for the application of drug delivery. The most important advances and stimulating applications are studies in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, for wound healing to treat burns, tumor treatment, nanoparticle carriers, and drug delivery systems.

RESUMO Introdução: O oclacitinib é um inibidor seletivo da enzima cinase de Janus, que tem como alvo a interleucina-31, sendo utilizado no tratamento da dermatite atópica canina. Apesar de os tutores apresentarem um elevado grau de satisfação com este fármaco, o seu custo representa um foco de preocupação para 75%, sendo que 42,5% dos tutores referiram ter de limitar outras despesas para poderem pagar o tratamento do seu cão. Objetivos: Avaliar a possibilidade de adotar um protocolo alternativo com oclacitinib em dias alternados. Secundariamente, avaliar se existe vantagem em adicionar glucocorticoides orais no início deste protocolo. Métodos: Estudo prospetivo, aleatório, duplamente cego e controlado com placebo, incluindo 16 cães com diagnóstico de dermatite atópica, alocados nos grupos P (n=7; Placebo) e G (n=9; Glucocorticoides). Os animais foram avaliados quanto à gravidade lesional (CADESI-04) e grau de prurido (PVAS) no Dia -30, Dia 0 e end‑point (recidiva ou Dia 30). O estudo comportou duas fases distintas e sucessivas. Na primeira fase foi administrado oclacitinib (0,4-0,6 mg/kg, 14 dias, duas vezes por dia [BID], depois 16 dias, uma vez por dia [SID]) por via oral a ambos os grupos. No entanto, nos primeiros 7 dias, ao grupo G foi administrada prednisolona (1mg/kg SID) por via oral e ao grupo P um placebo no mesmo regime. Na segunda fase, todos os animais realizaram o mesmo tratamento, mantendo o oclacitinib, mas apenas em dias alternados, até à recidiva do seu quadro clínico. Resultados: Foi possível adotar o protocolo em dias alternados durante pelo menos 30 dias em 71,43% dos animais. As diferenças encontradas não foram estatisticamente significativas entre as médias de CADESI-04 e grau de prurido dos dois grupos no Dia 0 e no end-point. Também não foram encontradas diferenças entre os períodos de tempo médios sob o tratamento em dias alternados. Conclusões: Existe potencial neste protocolo em dias alternados que permite reduzir os custos mensais para metade, possibilitando um maior acesso a esta ferramenta terapêutica inovadora, segura e muito eficaz, mas também dispendiosa. Não parece existir benefício, em termos de redução da dose de oclacitinib, na introdução de prednisolona no início do tratamento.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Oclacitinib is a Janus kinase inhibitor with activity against IL-31 used for canine atopic dermatitis. Despite a high level of owner satisfaction with this treatment, the drug’s cost represents a concern for 75%, with 42.5% mentioning that they had to limit other expenses to afford the treatment of their dog. Objectives: To evaluate the possibility of adopting an alternative therapeutic protocol with oclacitinib on alternate days, and whether there is an advantage in administering oral glucocorticoids at the beginning. Methods: This prospective study was conducted as a randomised, placebo-controlled, double‑blinded clinical trial, and included 16 private-owned dogs diagnosed with atopic dermatitis, allocated in group P (n=7; Placebo) and G (n=9; Glucocorticoids). Dogs were evaluated for skin lesions (CADESI-04) and pruritus (PVAS) at Day -30, Day 0 and end-point (whether relapse or Day 30). This study comprised two distinct and successive phases. In the first phase, oclacitinib was given orally to both groups (0,4 mg/kg, twice a day [BID] for 14 days and once a day [SID] for 16 days). However, in the first 7 days, group G was given oral prednisolone (1 mg/kg SID) and group P was given a placebo following the same regimen. In the second phase, all animals underwent the same protocol with oclacitinib, only given every other day, until the disease’s relapse. Results: It was possible to adopt the alternate days’ protocol for at least 30 days in 71.43% of the animals. There were no significant differences between the mean values of CADESI-04 and pruritus at Day 0 and end-point. There were also no significant differences between the average alternate days’ treatment times of the two groups. Conclusions: The alternate days’ treatment protocol has the potential in allowing monthly costs to be reduced by half, giving greater access to this innovative, safe, and very effective, but also expensive, therapeutic tool. There seems to be no benefit, in matters of reducing the oclacitinib dose, in adding prednisolone at the beginning of the treatment.

RESUMO Fundamentos e objetivo: O Lokivetmab é o primeiro anticorpo monoclonal anti-interleucina-31 canina aprovado na União Europeia para o tratamento da dermatite atópica canina (DAC). Este estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar a eficácia e segurança do lokivetmab no tratamento de casos de DAC de um serviço de referência universitário, bem como a opinião geral dos tutores dos animais em relação ao tratamento. Métodos: Foram recrutados dezoito cães atópicos para realizarem duas injeções subcutâneas de lokivetmab, de acordo com o protocolo. De modo a determinar a eficácia e segurança do tratamento, foram avaliados ao longo de 56 dias as lesões cutâneas, o grau de prurido, o hemograma, os parâmetros hepáticos e os efeitos adversos. A satisfação geral dos tutores relativamente ao tratamento foi aferida no final do estudo, e foram contabilizados os animais que mantiveram o tratamento três meses após o término do estudo. Resultados: Observou-se uma redução significativa do grau de prurido ao longo das oito semanas, sendo que 76,5% dos cães alcançou uma melhoria clinicamente significativa. Em relação ao quadro lesional, 77,8% dos cães teve uma melhoria clinicamente significativa, com 61,1% dos animais a manifestá-la nas primeiras 4 semanas. Não foram registados efeitos adversos ou alterações nos parâmetros sanguíneos. A opinião dos tutores dos animais foi muito positiva no que se refere à melhoria da qualidade de vida do cão e da família e, três meses após o término do estudo, 77,8% dos cães mantinham o tratamento com lokivetmab. Conclusão: O lokivetmab revelou-se extremamente eficaz e seguro, além de ter a vantagem de não requerer administração em casa por parte do tutor, o que também contribui para o seu elevado grau de satisfação. A grande especificidade desta terapêutica biológica torna-a uma das mais potentes e promissoras na área da DAC.

ABSTRACT Background and objective: Lokivetmab is the first anti-canine interleukin-31 monoclonal antibody approved in the European Union for Canine Atopic Dermatitis (CAD) management. This study aimed to assess the lokivetmab’s efficacy and safety in treating CAD cases from a university reference service, as well as the dog’s owner’s overall opinion regarding therapy. Methods: Eighteen atopic dogs were enrolled to perform two subcutaneous injections of lokivetmab, according to the protocol. In order to determine the efficacy and safety of the treatment, skin lesions, pruritus score, blood count, liver parameters and adverse side effects were evaluated over 56 days. The overall pet owner’s satisfaction about the therapy was assessed at the end of the study, and the number of animals that maintained the treatment three months after the end of the study was considered. Results: There was a significant reduction in pruritus score over the eight weeks, with 76.5% of the dogs showing a significant clinical improvement. Regarding the lesion score, 77.8% of the dogs achieved significant clinical improvement, with 61.1% reaching it in the first 4 weeks. There were no reported adverse side effects or changes in blood tests. Pet owner’s opinion regarding the improvement of both the dog and its family’s quality of life was very positive, and three months after the end of the study, 77.8% of the dogs continued their therapy with lokivetmab. Conclusion: Lokivetmab proved to be extremely effective and safe, in addition to sparing pet owners from at home drug administrations, which also contributes to their high satisfaction degree. The great specificity of this biological therapy makes it one of the most potente and promising in the CAD field.

ABSTRACT. This study aimed to evaluate the productive performance and carcass characteristics of lambs fed diets with different types of carbohydrates associated with polyunsaturated fatty acids. Thirty castrated male lambs (20.5 ± 7.6 kg) were used, distributed in a randomized block design under three experimental diets: High proportion of non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC) diet; High NFC diet + spineless cactus (high proportion of NFC and spineless cactus) and Low NFC diet (low proportion of NFC), in a 60 day experimental period. The variables of nutrient intake, performance, and carcass characteristics were evaluated. The animals fed the High NFC + spineless cactus diet presented a higher dry matter intake, organic matter, mineral matter, crude protein, and total carbohydrates intake (p <0.05). Carcass characteristics and weight of commercial cuts were improved in High NFC and High NFC + spineless cactus diets (p <0.05), on the other hand we observed a total fat weight reduction in animals fed with High NFC + spineless cactus. The results indicate that high levels of NFC positively influence animal performance, where the type of carbohydrate influences nutrient intake, also affecting carcass characteristics.

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of replacing corn by double-distilled glycerin, a co-product of the biodiesel industry, on goat curd cheese in terms of physical-chemical, microbiological and sensory aspects. Twelve multiparas Saanen goats weighing 47.07 ± 2.41 kg and at 90 ± 5 days of lactation. The experimental design was completely randomized with two treatments (0 and 15% inclusion of glycerin). The physicochemical parameters analyzed were: fat (%), non-fat solids (%), protein (%), lactose (%), salts (%), relative density at 15/15 °C (gmL-1), index cryoscopic (°C), electrical conductivity (mScm-1), pH and acidity. The milk from each treatment was used to make the rennet cheese. The fat had a significant effect (P < 0.05) with inclusion of glycerin in the diet. The physicochemical characteristics of the cheese were influenced (P < 0.05) by feeding up to 15% of glycerin. Regarding sensory attributes, only firmness was influenced (P < 0.05) by the inclusion of glycerin in the diet of dairy goats. Bidistilled glycerin, when inserted in the diet of dairy goats at a level of 15%, causes a reduction in the lipid content of milk and cheese, consequently affecting the cheese yield, and the parameter of firmness in the sensory of the evaluated cheeses.

ABSTRACT. The physical-chemical characteristics and sensory attributes of milk are variable. This study aimed to evaluate how spineless cactus varieties resistant to carmine cochineal (Dactylopius sp.) influences the composition and sensory characteristics of goat milk. Twelve lactating goats with body weights of 51.35 ± 3.75 kg were distributed in a 4 × 4 Latin square, with three simultaneous squares composed of four animals, four periods, and four experimental diets: Control - goats fed tifton grass hay and concentrate; SCOE - goats fed the Orelha-de-elefante spineless cactus, tifton hay, and concentrate; SCB - goats fed the Baiana spineless cactus, tifton hay, and concentrate; SCM - goats fed the Miúda spineless cactus, tifton hay, and concentrate. The levels of protein and non-greasy solids and the sensory attributes of the milk (odor, butter flavor, and global acceptance) did not differ between the treatments (p > 0.05). The lipid content of the milk was reduced in the SCOE treatment compared to the control (p = 0.0014). The milk obtained from animals fed the SCOE and SCM treatments had a stronger flavor (p < 0.05). These results suggest that varieties of spineless cactus resistant to carmine cochineal can be used as goat feed without affecting milk production or global acceptance.

Abstract Adding a biological apatite layer to the implant surface enhances bone healing around the implant. Objective This study aimed to characterize the mechanical properties and test human gingival fibroblasts behavior in contact with Zirconia and Titanium bioactive-modified implant materials. Methodology 6 groups were considered: Titanium (Ti6Al4V), Ti6Al4V with 5% HA and 5% ßTCP, Zirconia (YTZP), YTZP with 5% HA and 5% ßTCP. For each group, we produced discs using a novel fabrication method for functionally graded materials, under adequate conditions for etching and grit-blasting to achieve equivalent surface microroughness among the samples. Surface roughness (Ra, Rz), water contact angle, shear bond strength, and Vickers hardness were performed. Human gingival fibroblasts immortalized by hTERT gene from the fourth passage, were seeded on discs for 14 days. Cell viability and proliferation were assessed using a resazurin-based method, and cellular adhesion and morphology using field emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM). After 3 days of culture, images of fluorescent nucleic acid stain were collected by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Results Results were presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD). We compared groups using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc test, and significance level was set at p<0.05. After 14 days of culture, cell viability and proliferation were significantly higher in YTZP group than in other groups (p<0.05). Samples of YTZP-ßTCP presented significantly higher wettability (p<0.05); yet, we observed no improvement in cell behavior on this group. Fibroblast spreading and surface density were more evident on YTZP specimens. Adding calcium-phosphate bioactive did not alter the tested mechanical properties; however, Ti6Al4V material shear bond strength was statistically higher than other groups (p<0.05). Conclusion Adding bioactive materials did not improve soft-tissue cell behavior. When compared to other zirconia and titanium groups, pure zirconia surface improved adhesion, viability and proliferation of fibroblasts. Cell behavior seems to depend on surface chemical composition rather than on surface roughness.

RESUMO Na bovinocultura leiteira, as vacas apresentam mudanças metabólicas importantes durante o período de transição, principalmente aquelas de alta produção, que necessitam de nutrientes em maior quantidade para suprir a demanda requerida. Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar a prevalência de hipomagnesemia subclínica no pré e pós-parto em vacas leiteiras inseridas em sistemas de produção de leite na microrregião de Sousa-PB e município de São João do Rio do Peixe-PB. Para isso foram realizadas visitas quinzenais a 34 propriedades rurais, onde a equipe coletou 357 amostras de sangue por meio de punção venosa, sendo 106 provenientes de vacas em lactação que se encontravam no período de pré-parto e 251 de vacas em lactação inseridas no período de pós-parto. Verificou-se que as propriedades forneciam três tipos de suplemento mineral: suplementação exclusiva com NaCl; suplementação com NaCl + núcleo mineral; e suplementação comercial. As vacas que recebiam a suplementação mineral do tipo comercial corresponderam aquelas com maior prevalência (10,53%) de ocorrência do distúrbio, apresentando ainda diferença significativa (P < 0,05) entre as demais formas de suplementação. Em relação ao período reprodutivo em que as vacas se encontravam, notou- se que aquelas do pós-parto apresentaram maior prevalência de hipomagnesemia subclínica (9,96%) em relação às vacas do pré-parto (8,49%). Porém não houve diferença significative (P > 0,05) entre ambas. Estudos como esse tornam-se fundamentais para alertar produtores rurais e técnicos sobre a ocorrência da hipomagnesemia subclínica na região, além dos prejuízos que os distúrbios metabólicos acarretam.

ABSTRACT In dairy farming, cows display important metabolic changes during the transition period, particularly high-production cows, which need nutrients in greater quantity to meet the required demand. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of subclinical hypomagnesemia in pre- and post-partum dairy cows inserted in milk-production systems in the Sousa microregion and the district of São João do Rio do Peixe, both in the State of Paraíba, Brazil. As such, visits were made every two weeks to 34 rural properties, where the team collected 357 blood samples by venepuncture, 106 from pre-partum lactating cows and 251 from lactating cows in the post-partum period. It was found that the properties supplied three types of mineral supplement: a single supplement of NaCl, a supplement of NaCl + mineral base, and a commercial supplement. The cows receiving the commercial mineral supplement had the highest prevalence (10.53%) of the disorder, even showing a significant difference (P < .05) between the other types of supplement. In relation to reproductive period, it was found that the post-partum cows had a higher prevalence of subclinical hypomagnesemia (9.96%) than did the pre-partem cows (8.49%); there was, however, no significant difference (P > .05) between the two. Studies such as this are fundamental for alerting rural and technical producers to the occurrence of subclinical hypomagnesemia in the region, in addition to the damage caused by metabolic disorders.

Resumo O uso da internet tem aumentado exponencialmente a nível mundial. Ainda que ele não seja por si só negativo, já que integra benefícios vários, alguns indivíduos parecem exibir problemas relacionados com o seu uso excessivo, descontrolado e disfuncional. Consequentemente, tem sido crescente, particularmente nas últimas duas décadas, o interesse dos investigadores em explorar este uso, quando excessivo e pouco saudável. Porém, e sendo um tema/constructo tratado por diferentes autores com quadros teóricos também diferentes, são vários os termos usados na literatura para descrever este fenómeno. Neste sentido, este artigo propõe-se a apresentar o trabalho uma revisão de literatura de dois dos conceitos mais usados e espartilhados na literatura científica, ou seja, adição à internet e uso problemático da internet.

Abstract Internet use has increased exponentially worldwide. Although the use itself is not negative, since it integrates several benefits, some individuals seem to show problems related to its excessive, uncontrolled, and dysfunctional use. Therefore, the interest of researchers in exploring this use, when it is excessive and unhealthy, has been growing, especially in the last two decades. However, being a subject/construct treated by different authors with different theoretical frameworks, several terms are used in the literature to describe this phenomenon. Regarding this, this article proposes to present a literature review of two of the most used and shared concepts in the scientific literature, that is, internet addiction and problematic internet use.

Resumen El uso de Internet ha aumentado exponencialmente a nivel mundial. Aunque esto no es por sí solo negativo ya que integra diversos beneficios, algunos individuos parecen presentar problemas relacionados con su uso excesivo, descontrolado y disfuncional. En consecuencia, en las últimas dos décadas ha aumentado cada vez más el interés de los investigadores en estudiar este uso, cuando es excesivo o poco saludable. Sin embargo, y siendo un tema/constructo tratado por diferentes autores con cuadros teóricos también diferentes, son varios los términos usados en la literatura para describir este fenómeno. En este sentido, nos proponemos presentar en este trabajo una revisión de dos de los conceptos más usados y más divididos en la literatura científica, es decir, adición a Internet y uso problemático de Internet.

Résumé L’utilisation d’ Internet a augmenté de manière exponentielle dans le monde. Bien que l’utilisation d’ Internet ne soit pas négative en soi, étant donné qu’elle intègre plusieurs avantages, certaines personnes semblent présenter des problèmes liés à son utilisation excessive, incontrôlée et dysfonctionnelle. En conséquence, l’intérêt des chercheurs pour exploiter cet usage, qu’il soit excessif ou malsain, a augmenté, particulièrement au cours des deux dernières décennies. Cependant, étant un thème/construit traité par différents auteurs avec différents cadres théoriques, plusieurs termes sont utilisés dans la littérature pour décrire ce phénomène. En ce sens, nous proposons de présenter dans cet ouvrage une analyse de deux des concepts les plus utilisés et les plus partagés dans la littérature scientifique, à savoir l’addition à internet et son utilisation problématique.

Surface modification by deposition of hard coatings is a way to overpass the poor wear resistance of some metallic materials and one potential material is the Diamond-Like Carbon (DLC). We investigated the wear behavior, and the adhesion of the DLC deposited on a Ti6Al4V (Ti64) alloy after Surface Mechanical Attrition Treatment (SMAT). The SMAT was applied using 100Cr6 steel balls, and the DLC was deposited through the sputtering method. The nano-hardness was evaluated using a MTS Nano Indenter XP. The adhesion of the DLC was evaluated using a CSM Revetest, and the wear tests was performed in a reciprocating linear tribometer from CSM Instruments. The mean wear rate for the Ti64 was 437x10-6 mm3/N/m against 5x10-6 mm3/N/m for the Ti64+SMAT+DLC. The SMAT reduced the wear rate of the DLC coating, showing that the SMAT might be a viable treatment with promising results regarding the DLC wear resistance.

Abstract Introduction The expansion of assistive technologies has been increasing significantly, involving almost all the daily activities, performed by disabled people. One of the highlights to be mentioned is the robotic orthoses, which are being used to amplify movements, to replace amputated limbs, and for a variety of rehabilitation therapies, among others. This study aims to present a review about upper limbs’ orthoses, discussing their weaknesses, potentialities, and pointing out for future perspectives under the motor rehabilitation. Methods For this research, it had been identified 161 papers, based on the bibliographic bases from IEEE and Science Direct, which were filtered by the keywords orthoses, hand, upper-limbs and technology. After the appropriate exclusions, 22 papers were analyzed. Results This review indicates that most of the orthoses have been developed for rehabilitation therapies to be employed by people who have suffered stroke, cerebral palsy or spinal cord injury. This research summarized that the upper limbs movements are effectively produced by electric or pneumatic actuators, having a variety of degrees of freedom. Conclusion This review has shown that, although there are many orthoses styles, ranging from electric to pneumatic actuators; also there are some technical restrictions that prevent their use by most people. However, upper limb orthoses seem to be a great solution for the rehabilitation of people who have suffered a stroke.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a capacidade do eluato proveniente da membrana de plasma rico em fibrina (PRF) de induzir proliferação e diferenciação das células-tronco humanas isoladas de tecido adiposo (CTDAh) em condrócitos. Método: As membranas de PRF foram obtidas por centrifugação de sangue periférico de dois indivíduos saudáveis, cortadas, colocadas em poços de placa de cultivo por 48 h para obtenção do eluato de fibrina. As CTDAh foram isoladas do tecido adiposo por digestão com solução de colagenase e expandidas in vitro. As células foram expandidas e tratadas com meio de cultivo DMEM-F12, meio comercial para diferenciação condrocítica, e eluato de fibrina durante três dias e marcadas com BrdU para avaliação quantitativa da proliferação celular com o uso do sistema de imagens High-Content Operetta®. Para o ensaio de diferenciação condrogênica, as CTDAh foram cultivadas em micromassa por 21 dias e coradas com azul de toluidina e agrecana para avaliação qualitativa em microscópio óptico. As avaliações estatísticas foram feitas por meio dos testes Anova e Tukey. Resultados: Houve uma maior proliferação das células tratadas com o eluato de fibrina comparativamente com os outros dois tratamentos, nos quais o teste Anova apontou significância (p < 0,001). A diferenciação em condrócitos foi visualizada pela presença de mucopolissacarídeos na matriz das células tratadas com meio de diferenciação ou eluato e marcação positiva para agrecana. Conclusões: O tratamento com o eluato da membrana de fibrina estimulou a proliferação celular e induziu a diferenciação das células-tronco em condrócitos, o que sugere uma potencial aplicação da membrana de PRF nas terapias de regeneração de cartilagem hialina.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the ability of the eluate from fibrin-rich plasma (FRP) membrane to induce proliferation and differentiation of isolated human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) into chondrocytes. Method: FRP membranes were obtained by centrifugation of peripheral blood from two healthy donors, cut, and maintained in culture plate wells for 48 h to prepare the fibrin eluate. The SCATh were isolated from adipose tissue by collagenase digestion solution, and expanded in vitro. Cells were expanded and treated with DMEM-F12 culture, a commercial media for chondrogenic differentiation, and eluate from FRP membrane for three days, and labeled with BrdU for quantitative assessment of cell proliferation using the High-Content Operetta® imaging system. For the chondrogenic differentiation assay, the SCATh were grown in micromass for 21 days and stained with toluidine blue and aggrecan for qualitative evaluation by light microscopy. The statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA and Tukey's test. Results: There was a greater proliferation of cells treated with the eluate from FRP membrane compared to the other two treatments, where the ANOVA test showed significance (p < 0.001). The differentiation into chondrocytes was visualized by the presence of mucopolysaccharide in the matrix of the cells marked in blue toluidine and aggrecan. Conclusions: Treatment with eluate from FRP membrane stimulated cell proliferation and induced differentiation of the stem cells into chondrocytes, suggesting a potential application of FRP membranes in hyaline cartilage regeneration therapies.

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho é demonstrar a aplicabilidade da Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência na quantificação do Di(2-etilhexil ftalato) (DEHP) liberado pela linha de Policloreto de vinila (PVC) no sangue circulante durante o procedimento de hemodiálise. Como a proposta não é a validação do método foram coletadas amostras de sangue de cinco pacientes voluntários e de três voluntários saudáveis e os plasmas foram isolados, preparados e analisados. A concentração média de DEHP no sangue no plasma dos pacientes foi 0.19±0.12 mg/kg de massa corpórea, enquanto que no plasma dos voluntários saudáveis foi 0.003±0.002 µg/kg de massa corpórea. Os resultados mostraram que o método apresentado é uma alternativa para a determinação de DEPH no sangue e que poderá auxiliar na busca por outros materiais para aplicação em equipamentos de circulação extracorpórea. O estudo foi realizado de acordo com os padrões nacionais e internacionais de ética em pesquisa envolvendo seres humanos (CEP PUCPR Prot. n.5802).

ABSTRACT The objective of the work is to demonstrate the applicability of the High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) on the quantification of the Di(2-ethylhexyl phthalate) (DEHP) released from the Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) line into the circulating blood during the hemodialysis procedure. As the proposal is not to validate the method, blood samples from five patients and three healthy volunteers were collected, and the plasmas were isolated, prepared and analyzed. The average concentration of DEHP in the patient's plasma was 0.19±0.12 mg/kg of body mass, while in the plasma of the healthy volunteers was 0.003±0.002 µg/kg of body mass. The results showed that the method presented is an alternative to quantify the DEHP in the blood and could assist in the search for alternative materials to apply to extracorporeal circulation equipment. The study was performed according to the national and international standards of ethics in research involving human beings (CEP PUCPR Prot. n.5802).

RESUMO A cultura da mamona destaca-se, no nordeste do Brasil, para a produção de óleo, gerando coprodutos com potencial para a alimentação animal. Por essa razão, avaliou-se, neste trabalho, o efeito sobre o comportamento ingestivo da inclusão de 0; 33; 67 e 100% do farelo de mamona destoxificado (FMD) em substituição ao farelo de soja, em dietas para ovinos. Foi adotado o delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com cinco ovinos por tratamento. Os consumos de MS e FDN não foram influenciados (P > 0,05) pela participação do FMD na dieta, com médias de 1362,6 e 582,98 g/animal/dia, respectivamente. A substituição do farelo de soja pelo FMD não influenciou (P > 0,05) os tempos de ruminação, de ócio e de TMT, com média de 181,33; 347,04 e 366,24 min/12 h, respectivamente. Verificou-se efeito quadrático (P < 0,05) para o tempo em alimentação, com mínima de 164,56 min/12 h, quando da participação de 60% de FMD na dieta. Houve efeito quadrático (P < 0,05) para a eficiência de alimentação, com máximas de 4,43 g MS/min e 2,08 g FDN/min, quando da participação de 58,8 e 69,5%, respectivamente, do FMD nas dietas. A eficiência de ruminação em g MS e FDN/min não foi influenciada (P > 0,05), com médias de 4,31 e 1,84, respectivamente. A substituição do farelo de soja pelo FMD diminui o tempo em alimentação quando da utilização em 60%, mas não influencia o consumo de MS e FDN, o tempo despendido em ruminação, em ócio, e o TMT. O uso de 60% de FMD eleva a eficiência de alimentação de MS e FDN e não compromete a eficiência de ruminação.

ABSTRACT Castor bean crops stand out in the Northeastern Brazil for oil production, producing coproducts with potential for animal diets. Thus, this work evaluated the effect on ingestive behavior when 0, 33, 67 and 100% of detoxified castor bean meal (DCBM) were included to substitute soy bean meal in diets for sheep. The randomized blocks design was used with five sheep in each treatment. Dry matter intake and neutral detergent fiber intake were not affected (P > .05) by the inclusion of DCBM in the diet, with means of 1362.6 and 582.98 g/animal/day, respectively. Substitution of soybean meal by DCBM did not affect (P > .05) times of rumination, idle and total chewing, with averages of 181.33, 347.04 and 366.24 minute/12 h, respectively. A quadratic effect (P < .05) was found for feeding time, with minimum of 164.56 min/12 h, when 60% of DCBM was included in the diet. A quadratic effect (P < .05) was verified for eating efficiency with maximum of 4.43 g DM/minute and 2.08 g NDF/minute. Rumination efficiency in g DM and NDF/minute were not affected (P < .05), with means of 4.31 and 1.84, respectively. The substitution of soybean meal by DCBM decreases feeding time when 60% of it was used but does not influence the intake of DM and NDF, time spent in ruminating and idle, and total chewing time. The use of 60% of DCBM increases feeding efficiency of DM and NDF, and does not compromise the efficiency of rumination.

RESUMO Objetivo Identificar e descrever as características epidemiológicas dos óbitos maternos ocorridos entre 2000 a 2012 em um Hospital de referência no interior do Estado de São Paulo no intuito de colaborar para a análise do cumprimento do quinto Objetivo do Desenvolvimento do Milênio. Método Estudo epidemiológico, retrospectivo e transversal com a população de 58 óbitos maternos. Os dados foram coletados no segundo semestre de 2013 em prontuários e em declarações de óbitos e analisados pelo programa SPSS versão 13.0. Resultados Identificou-se a idade média de 29,11 anos, 56,9% com 1 a 3 gestações anteriores, 56,9% partos cesáreos, 84,5% das complicações maternas ocorreram durante a gestação e o puerpério, 81% dos óbitos ocorreram no puerpério, 56,9% dos óbitos foram classificados como causas diretas, sendo 44,8% mortes atribuídas à hipertensão arterial. Conclusão Há necessidade de investimento na assistência obstétrica para otimizar a diminuição das complicações no período gravídico puerperal a fim de reduzir a mortalidade materna.

ABSTRACT Objective To identify and describe the epidemiological characteristics of maternal deaths that occured between 2000-2012 in a reference hospital in the state of São Paulo in order to contribute to the analysis of compliance with the fifth Millennium Development Goal. Method Epidemiological, retrospective and cross-sectional study with a population of 58 maternal deaths. Data were collected in the second half of 2013, through medical records and death certificates, and analyzed by SPSS version 13.0. Results An average age of 29.11 years was identified, 56.9% with 1-3 previous pregnancies, 56.9% cesarean deliveries, 84.5% of maternal complications occurred during pregnancy and the postpartum period, 81% of deaths occurred in postpartum, 56.9% of deaths were classified as direct causes, with 44.8% of deaths being attributed to high blood pressure. Conclusion There is a need for investment in obstetric care to optimize the reduction of complications during the gestation and puerperal period, thereby influencing the reduction of maternal mortality.

RESUMEN Objetivo identificar y describir las características epidemiológicas de las muertes maternas entre 2000-2012 en un hospital de referencia en el Estado de São Paulo con el fin de contribuir al análisis del cumplimiento del quinto Objetivo de Desarrollo del Milenio. Métodos Estudio epidemiológico, retrospectivo y transversal con una población de 58 muertes maternas. Los datos fueron recogidos en el segundo semestre de 2013 en los registros médicos y certificados de muertes y analizados utilizando el programa SPSS versión 13.0. Resultados Identificada la edad promedio de 29,11 años, 56,9% con 1-3 embarazos anteriores, el 56,9% los partos por cesárea, el 84,5% acontecimientos de complicaciones durante el embarazo y el puerperio, el 81% de las muertes se produjo después del parto, el 56 9% las muertes por causas directas, y el 44,8% de las muertes atribuidas a la hipertensión arterial. Conclusión Hay necesidad de inversión en la asistencia obstétrica a fin de optimizar la reducción de las complicaciones en el embarazo puerperio influyen en consecuencia en la reducción de la mortalidad materna.